Brazil has seen an increasing number of gang attacks in major urban areas, most notably Rio De Janeiro, which is unfortunately classed as one of the most crime-ridden cities in the world. These attacks have been seemingly random and have been against police stations, public transport and government buildings. Whilst foreigners aren’t targeted specifically, there have been incidents of violence against tourists. Caution is advised.

Nevertheless, trips to Brazil are trouble-free as long as basic common sense is applied to situations – being flashy with wealth and jewellery is not the best of ideas, as muggings and petty theft do occur. Use safe deposit boxes, official taxis and don’t travel to slums alone.

Vaccination for a number of diseases – yellow fever, typhoid, hepatitis A – may be required, but are not always necessary: check with a doctor before travelling.

Water should be boiled or otherwise sterilised before use, or bought bottled. Meat and fish should be well cooked before consumption, and vegetables and fruit should be peeled and well cooked. Dairy products in main towns and cities are generally safe for consumption, but those from rural areas carry a risk and milk should be boiled before consumption – tinned and powdered milk is available, and is advisable.